Lack of nutrient and their effects
| Nutrient | Effect on theEmbryo/Baby | Effect on the mother |
| Vitamin A (Retinol) | Low birth weight, premature birth | Anemia |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) | Can lead to heart failure with the baby | |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxin) | Blood-high pressure-caused pregnancy disturbance | |
| Vitamin D (Calciferol) | Impaired development of teeth and bone, low calcium mirror in the blood, Rachitis | Decreased bone density, increased risk of a later Osteoporose with the mother |
| Vitamin E (Tocopherol) | Birth error, miscarriage | |
| Folic acid | Low birth weight, birth error | Anemia |
| Iodine | Serious mental and motor development disturbances | Impairment of the thyroid function (Hypothyreose) |
| Calcium | Impaired development from bones and teeth, low calcium mirror in the blood, Rachitis | Blood-high pressure-caused pregnancy disturbances (Toxaemie), decreased bone density, increased risk of a later Osteoporose |
| Magnesium | premature birth | Blood-high pressure-caused pregnancy disturbances |
| Zinc | Birth error, premature birth, low birth weight |